Getting to Know the SG90 Servo Motor

Let’s learn more about the sg90 servo motor and see what its uses are.

Servo motors are an essential component in countless robotics, automation, and DIY projects. Among them, the SG90 micro servo motor stands out as a popular choice for hobbyists and professionals alike due to its affordability, reliability, and versatility. This article will dive deep into the SG90 servo motor, exploring its features, applications, and how to use it effectively.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to SG90 Servo Motor
   • What is a Servo Motor?
   • Overview of SG90 Servo Motor
2. Specifications and Features
   • Key Specifications
   • Notable Features
3. Applications of SG90 Servo Motor
   • Robotics
   • Automation
   • Model Building
4. How SG90 Servo Motor Works
   • Internal Mechanism
   • Control Signal Basics
5. How to Use SG90 Servo Motor
   • Connecting to a Microcontroller
   • Sample Code Example (Arduino)
6. Advantages and Limitations
   • Pros
   • Cons
7. Tips and Best Practices
   • Handling and Maintenance
   • Optimization Tips
8. Conclusion and Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Introduction to SG90 Servo Motor

What is a Servo Motor?

A servo motor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. These motors are widely used in applications requiring precise movement and control, such as robotics, remote-controlled vehicles, and industrial automation systems.

Overview of SG90 Servo Motor

The SG90 micro servo motor is one of the most commonly used servos in hobbyist projects. Manufactured by companies like Tower Pro, it is lightweight, compact, and highly versatile. This tiny motor delivers exceptional torque and reliability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Specifications and Features

Key Specifications

• Weight: 9 grams
• Dimensions: 22.2mm x 11.8mm x 31mm
• Operating Voltage: 4.8V – 6V
• Stall Torque: 1.8 kg/cm at 4.8V
• Operating Speed: 0.12 seconds/60 degrees at 4.8V
• Rotation Range: 0 to 180 degrees
• Gear Type: Nylon gears

Notable Features

• Compact and lightweight design
• Wide compatibility with microcontrollers
• Durable construction with nylon gears
• Precise control via PWM signals
• Affordable and easily accessible

Applications of SG90 Servo Motor

Robotics

The SG90 servo motor is extensively used in robotics for tasks like actuating arms, gripping mechanisms, and controlling wheels. Its precision and reliability make it ideal for such applications.

Automation

In automation projects, the SG90 can control mechanisms like gates, levers, and camera gimbals. Its affordability makes it a cost-effective choice for such purposes.

Model Building

Hobbyists use SG90 servo motors to bring life to scale models, including aircraft, cars, and boats. Its lightweight and compact size are perfect for these projects.

How SG90 Servo Motor Works

Internal Mechanism

The SG90 servo motor comprises three main components:

1. DC Motor: Drives the movement.
2. Gear System: Reduces speed and increases torque.
3. Control Circuit: Receives and processes PWM signals to position the motor shaft accurately.

Control Signal Basics

The SG90 operates on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). A control signal is sent as a series of pulses, with the duration of the pulse determining the position of the servo shaft. For example:

• A 1ms pulse positions the shaft at 0 degrees.
• A 1.5ms pulse positions the shaft at 90 degrees.
• A 2ms pulse positions the shaft at 180 degrees.

How to Use SG90 Servo Motor

Connecting to a Microcontroller

To use the SG90 servo motor, connect its three wires as follows:

• Orange: Signal pin (connect to the PWM pin of the microcontroller)
• Red: Power pin (connect to a 5V source)
• Brown: Ground pin (connect to the GND pin of the microcontroller)

Sample Code Example (Arduino)

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myServo; // Create a Servo object

void setup() {
  myServo.attach(9); // Attach the servo to pin 9
}

void loop() {
  myServo.write(90); // Move to 90 degrees
  delay(1000);       // Wait for 1 second
  myServo.write(0);  // Move to 0 degrees
  delay(1000);       // Wait for 1 second
}

Advantages and Limitations

Pros

• Compact size and lightweight
• Easy to use with most microcontrollers
• Affordable and widely available
• Reliable performance for small projects

Cons

• Limited torque compared to larger servo motors
• Nylon gears may wear out under heavy loads

Tips and Best Practices

Handling and Maintenance

• Avoid overloading the motor to prevent damage.
• Use a stable power supply to ensure consistent performance.

Optimization Tips

• Calibrate the servo for accurate positioning.
• Use external power sources when operating multiple servos to prevent voltage drops.

Conclusion and Summary

The SG90 servo motor is an excellent choice for small-scale projects due to its affordability, compact size, and reliable performance. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a professional, understanding the SG90’s specifications, features, and usage will enable you to leverage its full potential in your projects.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the maximum load the SG90 servo motor can handle?

The SG90 servo motor has a stall torque of 1.8 kg/cm, so it can handle loads within this range.

2. Can the SG90 servo motor rotate 360 degrees?

No, the SG90 is a standard servo motor with a rotation range of 0 to 180 degrees.

3. How do I power the SG90 servo motor?

You can power it using a 4.8V to 6V source, such as a microcontroller or an external power supply.

4. What are the common issues with SG90 servo motors?

Common issues include overheating due to overloading and jittering caused by inconsistent power supply.

5. Where can I buy SG90 servo motors?

You can purchase SG90 servo motors from online marketplaces like Amazon, AliExpress, or local electronics stores.